Vitamin Deficiency Diseases

Vitamin Deficiency Diseases: The fat-soluble vitamins ( A, D, E, and K ) dissolve in fat and can be stored in your body. The water-soluble vitamins C and the B-complex vitamins (such as vitamins B6, B12, niacin, riboflavin, and folate) need to dissolve in water before the body can absorb them. In 1912, Casimir Funk originally coined the term “vitamin”.

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Vitamin	Chemical Name	Deficiency Diseases
A	Retinol	Night blindness Xerophthalmia
B₁	Thymine ( Beri-Beri)	It is a skin & bone disorder disease.
B₂	Ariboflavin	Cracking of skin, cracking of lips, & tongue.
B₃	Niacin or Nicotinamide (niacinamide)	Whitening of hair, (Loss of Memory) Dementia, Insomnia
B₅	Pantothenic Acid	Pellagra of 4.D Syndrome (Diarrhoea, Diphtheria, Dementia, Death)
B₆	Pyridoxine	Skin disorders
B₇	Biotin	Hair fall, Dementia, Anemia
B₁₂	CyanoCobalamin (Natural content of cobalt)	Anemia, Skin disorder, Insomnia
C	Ascorbic acid	Bleeding of Gums (Pyorrhea) Swelling of Gums.
D Only vitamins not prepared in our body	Calciferol	1. Rickets → Child 2. Osteomalacia → Male 3. Osteoporosis → Female
E	Tocopherol	Less fertility
K	Phylloquinone	Non-clotting of blood

VITAMIN A (Retinol)

Vitamin Deficiency Diseases | GA Study Notes_40.1

SOURCE

Dairy products, cod liver oil, liver, dark green and yellow vegetables and fruits

FUNCTION

Maintains eye health
Promotes growth and development, maintains healthy bones and teeth
Enhances the protection and regeneration of cells and mucous membrane
Maintains healthy respiratory and intestinal tracts
Maintain healthy hair, nails, and skin

SYMPTOMS OF DEFICIENCY

Night blindness, dry eyes
Dry skin
Stomach discomfort
Poor growth
Weak bones and teeth

SYMPTOMS OF EXCESS

Dry, scaly, peeling, and itchy skin, rash
Hair loss
Poor appetite, fatigue
Vomiting, stomach discomfort
Liver injury
Headache, bone pain
Nervousness, irritability

VITAMIN B

VITAMIN B1 (Thymine)

SOURCE

sprouts, yeast

Disease

Beri-beri

VITAMIN B2 (Riboflavin)

SOURCE
sprout, present in cow’s milk(yellowish)
Disease
Cheilosis, ulceration

VITAMIN B6 (Pyridoxine)

FUNCTION

It is responsible for remembering dreams.

SYMPTOMS OF DEFICIENCY

Anemia
Nervousness, insomnia, depression
Muscle cramps

VITAMIN C (Ascorbic acid)

SOURCE

Citrus fruits(orange, grapefruit, lemon), strawberry, black current, kiwi fruit, tomato, green leafy vegetables, green pepper

FUNCTION

Helps synthesize collagen; promotes the growth and repair of cells, gum, teeth, blood vessels, and bones
Helps to heal after operation and injury
Helps calcium and iron absorption
Enhances immunity

SYMPTOMS OF DEFICIENCY

Scurvy
Gum
inflammation and bleeding, fall of teeth
Susceptibility to skin bleeding, a burst of capillary vessels
Weakness, fatigue
Bone pain, swollen and aching joints

SYMPTOMS OF EXCESS

Abdominal pain
Diarrhea
Kidney stone

In smokers and drinkers, vitamin C is absent.

VITAMIN K (Phylloquinone)

SOURCE

Green leafy vegetables, soya beans. The human body can also produce Vitamin K through germs in the colon(part of the small intestine).

FUNCTION

Helps blood clotting, prevents bleeding
Maintains health of the liver

SYMPTOMS OF DEFICIENCY

Uncontrol bleeding from wounds due to clotting difficulty

SYMPTOMS OF EXCESS

Can lead to liver damage

VITAMIN E (Tocopherol)=Beauty Vitamin

It is also known as Antisterility Vitamin.

Vitamin Deficiency Diseases | GA Study Notes_50.1

SOURCE

Green leafy vegetables, whole-wheat cereals, nuts, sprouts, egg yolk

FUNCTION

Maintains normal conditions of cells, and healthy skin and tissues
Protects red blood cells
Antioxidation
Enhance immunity

SYMPTOMS OF DEFICIENCY

Newborn infants: hemolytic anemia

Adults: weakness

SYMPTOMS OF EXCESS

Low thyroxine level
Fertility Disease
Headache, dizziness, fatigue
Stomach discomfort, poor appetite

VITAMIN D (Calciferol)=(Sunhine Vitamin)

Vitamin Deficiency Diseases | GA Study Notes_60.1

SOURCE

Egg yolk, liver, cod liver oil, fish. Our skins also produce Vitamin D when exposed to sunlight

FUNCTION

Helps the body absorb and utilize calcium and phosphorus, so as to maintain bones, teeth, and brain healthy
Maintains normal calcium level in blood

SYMPTOMS OF DEFICIENCY

Children: rickets
Adults: Osteomalacia, Osteoporosis

SYMPTOMS OF EXCESS

Calcified cartilage
High calcium level in the blood causes abnormal heartbeat and damage to organs such as kidneys
Vomiting, diarrhea
Sore eyes
Itchy skin

Q1. Beriberi is caused due to—
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin B
C. Vitamin C
D. Vitamin D
Ans-> Vitamin B

Q2. Vitamin D is also known as—
A. Reproductive vitamin
B. Sunshine vitamin
C. Ascorbic acid
D. Growth vitamin
Ans-> Sunshine vitamin

Q3. The vitamin which is water soluble?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin B
C. Vitamin K
D. Vitamin D
Ans-> Vitamin B

Q4. A vitamin that plays a vital role in the coagulating property of blood?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin B
C. Vitamin K
D. Vitamin D
Ans-> Vitamin K

Q5. Rickets is caused due to—
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin B
C. Vitamin C
D. Vitamin D
Ans-> Vitamin D

Q6. Vitamin D is—
A. Pyridoxin
B. Tocoferol
C. Ergosterol
D. Calciferol
Ans-> Calciferol

Q7. Scurvy is caused due to—
A. Vitamin B2
B. Ascorbic acid
C. Glutamic acid
D. Vitamin B12
Ans-> Ascorbic acid

Q8. Which of the following vitamin is responsible for remembering dreams?
A. Vitamin B
B. Vitamin B6
C. Vitamin A
D. Vitamin C
Ans-> Vitamin B6

Q9. Vitamin B6 is known as—
A. Pyridoxin
B. Tocopherol
C. Thiamine
D. Riboflavin
Ans-> Pyridoxin

Q10. Vitamin B12 contains—
A. Mn
B. Fe
C. Co
D. Mg
Ans-> Co