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Vitamin Deficiency Diseases | GA Study Notes

Vitamin Deficiency Diseases: The fat-soluble vitamins ( A, D, E, and K ) dissolve in fat and can be stored in your body. The water-soluble vitamins C and the B-complex vitamins (such as vitamins B6, B12, niacin, riboflavin, and folate) need to dissolve in water before the body can absorb them. In 1912, Casimir Funk originally coined the term “vitamin”.
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Vitamin Deficiency Diseases | GA Study Notes_3.1
Vitamin
Chemical Name
Deficiency Diseases
A
Retinol
Night blindness Xerophthalmia
B₁
Thymine ( Beri-Beri)
It is a skin & bone disorder disease.
B₂
Riboflavin
Cracking of skin, cracking of lips, & tongue.
B₃
Niacin or Nicotinamide (niacinamide)
Whitening of hair, Dementia (Loss of Memory), Insomnia
B₅
Pantothenic Acid
Pellagra of 4 D’s Syndrome (Diarrhoea, Diphtheria, Dementia, Death)
B₆
Pyridoxine
Skin disorders
B₇
Biotin
Hair fall, Dementia, Anemia
B₁₂
CyanoCobalamin
(Natural content of cobalt)
Anemia, Skin disorder, Insomnia
C
Ascorbic acid
Bleeding of Gums (Pyorrhea) Swelling of Gums.
D
Only vitamins not prepared in our body
Calciferol
1. Rickets → Child
2. Osteomalacia → Male
3. Osteoporosis → Female
E
Tocopherol
Less fertility
K
Phylloquinone
Non-clotting of blood

 

Vitamin Deficiency Diseases | GA Study Notes_4.1

Vitamin A
Source Dairy products, cod liver oil, liver, dark green and yellow vegetables and fruits
Function
  • Maintains eye health
  • Promotes growth and development, maintains healthy bones and teeth
  • Enhances the protection and regeneration of cells and mucous membrane
  • Maintains healthy respiratory and intestinal tracts
  • Maintain healthy hair, nails, and skin
SYMPTOMS OF DEFICIENCY
  • Night blindness, dry eyes
  • Dry skin
  • Stomach discomfort
  • Poor growth
  • Weak bones and teeth
SYMPTOMS OF EXCESS
  • Dry, scaly, peeling, and itchy skin, rash
  • Hair loss
  • Poor appetite, fatigue
  • Vomiting, stomach discomfort
  • Liver injury
  • Headache, bone pain
  • Nervousness, irritability
Vitamin B
Source Cow milk, sprouts, meat, eggs
Function
  • Forming healthy Red Blood Cells
  • Brain health
  • DNA synthesis
SYMPTOMS OF DEFICIENCY
  • Anemia
  • Nervousness
  • Insomnia
  • Memory Loss
  • Depression
  • Muscle cramps
SYMPTOMS OF EXCESS
  • Excess vitamin B is disposed of through urine.

 

Vitamin C
Source Citrus fruits(orange, grapefruit, lemon), strawberry, black currant, kiwi fruit, tomato, green leafy vegetables, green pepper
Function
  • Helps synthesize collagen; promotes the growth and repair of cells, gum, teeth, blood vessels, and bones
  • Helps to heal after operation and injury
  • Helps calcium and iron absorption
  • Enhances immunity
SYMPTOMS OF DEFICIENCY
  • Scurvy
  • Gum inflammation and bleeding, falling of teeth
  • Susceptibility to skin bleeding, a burst of capillary vessels
  • Weakness, fatigue
  • Bone pain, swollen and aching joints
SYMPTOMS OF EXCESS
  • Abdominal pain
  • Diarrhea
  • Kidney stone

 

Vitamin D
Source Egg yolk, liver, cod liver oil, fish
Function
  • Helps the body absorb and utilize calcium and phosphorus, so as to maintain bones, teeth, and brain healthy
  • Maintains normal calcium level in blood
SYMPTOMS OF DEFICIENCY
  • Children: rickets
  • Adults: Osteomalacia, Osteoporosis
SYMPTOMS OF EXCESS
  • Calcified cartilage
  • High calcium level in the blood causes abnormal heartbeat and damage to organs such as kidneys
  • Vomiting, diarrhea
  • Sore eyes
  • Itchy skin

 

Vitamin E
Source Green leafy vegetables, whole-wheat cereals, nuts, sprouts, egg  yolk
Function
  • Maintains normal conditions of cells, and healthy skin and tissues
  • Protects red blood cells
  • Antioxidation
  • Enhance immunity
SYMPTOMS OF DEFICIENCY
  • Newborn infants: hemolytic anemia
  • Adults: weakness
SYMPTOMS OF EXCESS
  • Low thyroxine level
  • Fertility Disease
  • Headache, dizziness, fatigue
  • Stomach discomfort, poor appetite

 

Vitamin K
Source Green leafy vegetables, soya beans
Function
  • Helps blood clotting, prevents bleeding
  • Maintains the health of the liver
SYMPTOMS OF DEFICIENCY
  • Uncontrolled bleeding from wounds due to clotting difficulty
SYMPTOMS OF EXCESS
  • Can lead to liver damage

Q1. Beriberi is caused due to—
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin B
C. Vitamin C
D. Vitamin D
Ans-> Vitamin B

Q2. Vitamin D is also known as—
A.  Reproductive vitamin
B. Sunshine vitamin
C. Ascorbic acid
D. Growth vitamin
Ans-> Sunshine vitamin

Q3. The vitamin which is water soluble?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin B
C. Vitamin K
D. Vitamin D
Ans-> Vitamin B

Q4. A vitamin that plays a vital role in the coagulating property of blood?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin B
C. Vitamin K
D. Vitamin D
Ans-> Vitamin K

Q5. Rickets is caused due to—
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin B
C. Vitamin C
D. Vitamin D
Ans-> Vitamin D

Q6. Vitamin D is—
A. Pyridoxin
B. Tocoferol
C. Ergosterol
D. Calciferol
Ans-> Calciferol

Q7. Scurvy is caused due to—
A. Vitamin B2
B. Ascorbic acid
C. Glutamic acid
D. Vitamin B12
Ans-> Ascorbic acid

Q8. Which of the following vitamin is responsible for remembering dreams?
A. Vitamin B
B. Vitamin B6
C. Vitamin A
D. Vitamin C
Ans-> Vitamin B6

Q9. Vitamin B6 is known as—
A. Pyridoxin
B. Tocopherol
C. Thiamine
D. Riboflavin
Ans-> Pyridoxin

Q10. Vitamin B12 contains—
A. Mn
B. Fe
C. Co
D. Mg
Ans-> Co

Vitamin Deficiency Diseases | GA Study Notes_5.1

FAQs

What are the sources of Vitamin A?

Dairy products, cod liver oil, liver, dark green and yellow vegetables and fruits

What are the sources of Vitamin C?

Citrus fruits(orange, grapefruit, lemon), strawberry, black current, kiwi fruit, tomato, green leafy vegetables, green pepper

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